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Hydrology

Annex 18 - 21 (SC): Water and Cooperation within the Zambezi River Basin (WACOZA) - Zambezi River Basin Groundwater Hydrology Characterisation in Zimbabwe

Emanuele Cordano 13 April 2021

The project “Zambezi River Basin Groundwater Hydrology Characterisation in Zimbabwe” was a contribution to the “Water and Cooperation within the Zambezi River Basin (ZRB)” case study project for Southern Africa Centres of Excellence (CoEs) in the framework of AU/NEPAD ACEWATER2 project. The general objective of the case study project was to assess Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystem (WEFE) interdependencies across the Zambezi River Basin. The following specific objectives guided scientific activities related to groundwater hydrology characterisation in Zimbabwe:

Annex 14-17 (SC): Groundwater flow modelling in the Zambezi river basin to investigate the interaction with surface water bodies by Dr. Kawawa Banda

Emanuele Cordano 13 April 2021

- Annex 14: Banda K., 2020. Zambia groundwater hydrology and aquifers contamination relevant to WEFE Nexus analysis for the Zambezi River Basin: inception report. ACEWATER2 report JRC122703 (Component of deliverable)
- Annex 15: Banda K., 2020. Zambia groundwater hydrology and aquifers contamination relevant to WEFE Nexus analysis for the Zambezi River Basin: final report. ACEWATER2 report JRC122703 (Main deliverable)
- Annex 16: Banda K., 2020. Database (hydrogeology of Zambia). ACEWATER2 report JRC122703 (Component of deliverable)

 

Annex 11 (SC): FUTURE HYDROPOWER OPERATIONS IN THE ZAMBEZI RIVER BASIN by Mauricio E. Arias, PhD

Emanuele Cordano 13 April 2021

The objective of this study was to analyse the impact of hydropower operation on surface
hydrology dynamics of the Zambezi river basin, and understanding how such dynamics could be
affected by future climate change. This study entailed the synthesis of existing GIS and
monitoring data, hydrological data analysis, development of a model application of the Reservoir
System Simulator (ResSim) for the Zambezi; verification of the model for historical conditions,
and evaluation of the effect of future climate change scenarios on reservoir water levels, river

Annex 9 - 10 (SC) : Assessing development and climate variability impacts on water resources in the Zambezi River basin

Emanuele Cordano 13 April 2021

- Annex 9: Hughes D., Mantel S. and Farinosi F. , 2020. Assessing development and climate variability impacts on water resources in the Zambezi River basin: Initial model calibration, uncertainty issues and performance. ACEWATER2 report JRC120956 (Main deliverable)

 

Annex 6-8 (SC): The ZAMBEZI Guidelines in modelling hydrology and hydropower based on case studies

Emanuele Cordano 13 April 2021
- Annex 6: De Clercq W., 2020. HHD.1 Inception report. ACEWATER2 report JRC122709 (Component of deliverable)
- Annex 7: De Clercq W. And De Witt M., 2020. The Zambezi: guidelines in modelling hydrology and hydropower based on case studies. ACEWATER2 report JRC122709 (Main deliverable)
- Annex 8: De Clercq W., 2020. The Zambezi: guidelines in modelling hydrology and hydropower based on case studies. Addendum A: a map database on the Aquaknow platform to support hydrological modelling. ACEWATER2 report JRC122709 (Component of deliverable)
 
The Zambezi as a shared water resource in SADC presented numerous sensitive issues related to data availability and data sharing. The data needed included climate, flow, agricultural water use, groundwater hydrology and use, water quality and all the flow information. The Zambezi is also used for power generation and this impact on flow.
The information base also included remotely sensed information, soils maps, landuse and the geomorphology of the total Zambezi catchment.
The project also looked at access to existing models and their applicability as management models, with the man aim to also be usable in terms of dam level responses related to power generation.
Three groups were found that developed models for the Zambezi Catchment. The first was a group at TU Delft, the second a group from Switzerland, and the last, a group from South Africa.. The first two used SWAT modelling and the last used the South African Pitman model, also known as SPATSIM. SPATSIM was made available to group and the group was trained to use SPATSIM
The SPATSIM (and Pitman) model is used by the South African water authorities as a water planning model. The model is based on flow measurements and response curves and mainly driven by distributed rainfall data.
SPATSIM was found to be a good model to use for the Zambezi Catchment and ultimate aim is to include SPATSIM in the ZAMCOM database system to be utilized for future water planning. This model was also easier to set up, making use of CRU climate data and all the flow data for the catchment.

Annex 6-8 (SC): The ZAMBEZI Guidelines in modelling hydrology and hydropower based on case studies

Emanuele Cordano 13 April 2021
- Annex 6: De Clercq W., 2020. HHD.1 Inception report. ACEWATER2 report JRC122709 (Component of deliverable)
- Annex 7: De Clercq W. And De Witt M., 2020. The Zambezi: guidelines in modelling hydrology and hydropower based on case studies. ACEWATER2 report JRC122709 (Main deliverable)
- Annex 8: De Clercq W., 2020. The Zambezi: guidelines in modelling hydrology and hydropower based on case studies. Addendum A: a map database on the Aquaknow platform to support hydrological modelling. ACEWATER2 report JRC122709 (Component of deliverable)
 
The Zambezi as a shared water resource in SADC presented numerous sensitive issues related to data availability and data sharing. The data needed included climate, flow, agricultural water use, groundwater hydrology and use, water quality and all the flow information. The Zambezi is also used for power generation and this impact on flow.
The information base also included remotely sensed information, soils maps, landuse and the geomorphology of the total Zambezi catchment.
The project also looked at access to existing models and their applicability as management models, with the man aim to also be usable in terms of dam level responses related to power generation.
Three groups were found that developed models for the Zambezi Catchment. The first was a group at TU Delft, the second a group from Switzerland, and the last, a group from South Africa.. The first two used SWAT modelling and the last used the South African Pitman model, also known as SPATSIM. SPATSIM was made available to group and the group was trained to use SPATSIM
The SPATSIM (and Pitman) model is used by the South African water authorities as a water planning model. The model is based on flow measurements and response curves and mainly driven by distributed rainfall data.
SPATSIM was found to be a good model to use for the Zambezi Catchment and ultimate aim is to include SPATSIM in the ZAMCOM database system to be utilized for future water planning. This model was also easier to set up, making use of CRU climate data and all the flow data for the catchment.

Annex 3-5 (SC): CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND EXTREME EVENTS ANALYSIS IN THE ZAMBEZI RIVER BASIN USING STANDARDIZED PRECIPITATION EVAPORATION INDEX AND L-MOMENTS

Emanuele Cordano 8 April 2021

The Zambezi River is a very important water resources with its catchment area covering most parts of Southern Africa. It is a habitat to a wide range of plant and animal species. Humanity in this region just like other animals depend on water from the Zambezi River and its tributaries. Its dependence ranges from provision of potable water, agriculture, power, manufacturing, mining, tourism and many other sectors (World Bank 2010). With such benefits from the river, the human population is proved to be rapidly increasing.

New Global Groundwater Maps

andrea.iervolino 13 April 2020
NASA researchers have developed new satellite-based, weekly global maps of soil moisture and groundwater wetness conditions and one to three-month U.S. forecasts of each product. While maps of current dry/wet conditions for the United States have been available since 2012, this is the first time they have been available globally.

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