The demand for Human Capacity Development (HCD) in the water sector is defined by the role that water plays in Africa's ambitions for socio-economic development. In this regard, the African Union Agenda 2063 (The Africa We Want) identifies water security as a key priority area, whereas the Africa Water Vision 2025 highlights the necessity to improve water wisdom in order to overcome capacity constraints in the sector.

The report summarizes the key ACEWATER2 project scientific achievements of the activities implemented by the African CoEs (Centers of Excellence), supporting Institutions, leading experts and the JRC. The outcomes of few ongoing research projects at JRC complements the overall framework. The first three chapters focus on the analysis of the WEFE (Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystem) nexus assessment at regional scale over the two formerly existing networks of CoE, in Western and Southern Africa, and the 2018 newly established network of CoE in CentralEastern Africa.

- Annex 71: Farinosi F., Gonzalez-Sanchez, D., Crestaz E., Cordano E., Carmona-Moreno C., Bidoglio G., 2017. Towards an African Atlas of Water Energy Food Cooperation – Data collection. JRC Technical Report, JRC108695, Ispra, European Commission

- Annex 69: Crestaz E., Cordano E., Ronco P., Farinosi F., Ameztoy I., Iervolino, A. González Sánchez D., Carmona Moreno C., 2017. ACEWATER2 Regional Hydro-Climatology Database Prototype. JRC Technical Report, JRC109900, Ispra, European Commission

The report addresses a twofold objective, in order to provide an overview of:

- the Human Capacity Development (HCD) priorities in the water sector in Africa;
- the Development Priorities of the Water Sector placed in the context of Agri-Energy sectors

- Annex 66: Mbaziira R., 2021. Volume I: Draft Report on Human Capacity Development priorities in the Water Sector in Africa. ACEWATER2 report JRC123098 (Main deliverable)

The general objective of the present report is to frame the state-of-the-art on the geothermal resource development in East African Countries (Eritrea, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania and Comoros) and two Southern African countries (Malawi and Zambia). For the sake of simplicity, all the above countries will be collectively referred to as “East African countries”.

In the framework of the project scientific component, the CEANWATCE, this project addressed the WEFE nexus interdependences and evaluated sustainable bridging-gap solutions. The specific objectives was to perform hydrological and water balance assessments, including water uses within a scenario based analysis under different climate pressures and management practices focusing on the Lake Victoria basin (LVB).

Extreme climate events such as drought and floods with severe impacts over the Greater Horn of Africa (GHA) have been on the rise over the past decades. These events negatively impact the regional ecosystem, livelihood, and economy which heavily depends on rain-fed agriculture, while in the energy sector largely depends on hydropower, thus shifts and variability in rainfall and temperature could hinder the development and economic growth of the region.

Hydrological fluxes, land use and climate change are significant processes in the biogeochemical processes and agricultural productivity in the Lake Victoria Basin. The objective was to elicit hydrological trends with attendant quality and quantity components, assess land use change patterns as well as implications of climate change on maize yields in the LVB.